Piranha Keeping for Beginners
by Nick Gardner
Written for www.tropicalfishfinder.co.uk
Nick is President of the UK Piranha Club: www.piranhaclub.co.uk
Aquarticles
The Piranha fish is a legendary fish. Known as the "Wolf of the Water," these
amazingly designed fish hunt as a perfect pack, not normally leaving any chance of escape
for their prey.
The fish has developed the perfect anatomy for short, sharp, bursts of speed which
coupled with a mouthful of razor sharp teeth, will strip most fish and animals to the bone
in next to no time.
OK, so that's the gory bit done. What about the fish themselves? Shapes, colours,
shoaling etc.? This fish is amazingly diverse in all of those areas as I will explain.
The common Piranha fish falls into two main genus (family groups). They are the Pygocentrus
and Serrasalmus groups. The Pygocentrus family is the familiar blunt,
bulldog face that most people associate with Piranha fish and the Serrasalmus
with a longer more pointed face/snout.
So, how many different types of Piranha are there? Most people would have thought only
one thanks to the stories and movies made which gave them the reputation that I described
in the first paragraphs. Actually they go into double figures and we are still finding new
variants.
As far as the hobby is concerned though, there are probably 9 or 10 different Piranha
that are commonly kept. When I say "commonly," the USA has easier access to
these fish that are wild caught in South America, and so the hobby is much larger and with
more breeds than here in the UK. We are currently trying to change this, and so far I have
imported over 70 wild caught Piranha into the UK for an evermore demanding group of
Piranha keepers and newcomers.
The main breeds that are kept in home aquaria are as follows:-
Pygocentrus
Nattereri - Commonly known as the "red bellied" Piranha. Is found in
various locations in the Amazon. Often seen in Aquarium shops but mostly tank bred.
Caribe - Location is Venezuela. These are fierce fish with similar looks to
that of the red belly but have a large black humeral spot behind the gill plate.
Ternetzi - A golden bellied cousin of the red belly from Argentina.
Piraya - Known as the "King" of Piranha, this fish is rare and
expensive, coming from the Rio Sao Francisco region of the Amazon. Amazing gold streak up
the flanks and probably the most aggressive of the Pygocentrus family. Not a
beginner's Piranha!!!!
Serrasalmus
Rhombeus - Commonly known as the "Black" Piranha and famous for its
dark markings and evil red eye. These fish can grow to over 18" in length and cannot
be kept with other Piranha as they are solitary hunters. An amazing show-piece fish but
has to have a large tank. Some variants include the Peruvian high back, Brazilian black,
Xingu gold and Diamond.
Brandtii - Well known to be probably the most aggressive of all Piranha, this
little devil comes from the same area as P.piraya. Growing to a max of 10",
they get a lovely gold/bronze colouring in adulthood. Again, S.brandti must be
kept away from other Piranha.
Elongatus - Commonly known as the "Pike" Piranha, this is a
streamlined fish that, like the Pike, is built for quick attacks from its hiding place
behind sunken trees or vegetation. They come with various face and stomach markings
depending on the areas they come from. Again, you may not see them growing much more than
10" and needs to be housed alone.
Spilopleura - This fish comes in two main builds. One known as the
"Gold" Spilo and the other being a "Ruby Red" Spilo. A great fish
which can be mixed with some fish of the Pygocentrus family, but is extremely
aggressive and a fin nipper. I have known one to be introduced into an 8 foot long tank
with some huge Caribe, Ternetzi and Nattereri, and within a week had
them all cornered and ruled the tank, and it was only 6" long. When I sold it to the
guy I thought it would be fish food before the morning…..how wrong was I!!!!!!
Geryi - An amazing looking Piranha with a purple line running the entire
length of its body from behind the scull to the tail. Can shoal with other Geryi
but is also a fin nipper.
Manueli - A very rare Piranha who has similar looks to the P.caribe
but a longer snout. Must be kept alone and is very aggressive. This fish can also grow to
16" if in the correct tank.
So now you get a better idea of just some of the Piranha that are living in the
Amazonian waters and the different shapes, colours and sizes they come in. But how could
you house these kind of fish at home? I have listed the basic essentials below:-
Tank
You must be aware that many of the fish I have listed above can grow to some enormous
sizes and so your tank should be able to accommodate this. One rule of thumb is 15-20
gallons per fish, but there are a lot of people who say that a large shoal doesn't need so
much space. I generally find with my tanks that I can happily keep 5 x 5" Pygos
in a 54"x16"x19" for a good amount of time, but as they grow over the
10" mark, then they may need to move.
Décor
It is important to give them space but also try to replicate the environment from which
they have come. The Amazon is full of tree trunks which they dart in and out of, and
general river vegetation. You should try to create a "mini" Amazon when setting
up your tank. Piranha are very territorial and will work out their own places in the tank,
normally with the largest being the "Alpha" fish and the rest following.
Filtration
This is a very important area. Due to the diets of these fish, you must have filters that
can cope with at least 50% more water volume than your tank actually has, e.g a 50
Imperial Gallon tank should have a filter that can do a 75 Gallon tank. They create a
large amount of waste and if you are feeding fish fillets etc., some get lodged behind
rocks and wood and will rot. A good powerhead in the tank is also advisable to provide a
steady current of water circulating in the tank, which is similar to natural conditions.
Heating and pH
The Amazon is a tropical river so the temperature in the tanks should be similar. I keep
mine at around 27-28C constant. The Amazon also has a low pH level, so a healthy level
would be anywhere between 6.5 - 7.2. Any higher than 7.5 and you will distress your fish.
Diet
Piranha will not just eat anything that is put in front of them. That's not to say they
are picky eaters, but they do require food as close to what they have been used to in the
wild. The main diet I feed mine is a mixture of whitebait (their fav's), prawns (helps
promote healthy colouration), lance fish, smelt, lean chicken slices and trimmed beef
heart (can be got very cheap from most butchers). You should always check several hours
after their feeding time that all has been eaten. If leftovers start to rot, the Piranha
will not touch them and they will affect your water quality. I feed my fish a lot, every 2
days, although you may want to feed them a little everyday
So, if you try to put any of the above into action, you should be able to run a nice
Piranha tank. This has been a simple beginners' guide and there is more to it but it will
certainly do for your first attempt. Should you have questions or problems, please write
to nick@piranhaclub.co.uk and I will be
happy to help.
Happy P. keeping!!!!!!!
Nick
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